Duluth Labor Day MBW

The JTL Report

Aug 30 - Aug 31 - Sept 1, 2025

Summers dun cloud that slowing rising, holds

The sweeping templates in its rushing folds,

Though o’er the ridges of its thundering breast,

The King of Terrours lifts his lightning crest;

Pleas’d we behold, when those dark folds we find,

Fring’d with golden light, that glows behind.

(From Airs Of Palestine by Pierpont, John, 1785-1866)

I Don’t Know

I’ve spent most of my adult life in leadership roles. I worked hard to be useful to others and to create opportunities for others to succeed. Sometimes I was a subject matter expert, other times a change agent, and finally a mentor.

“I don’t know” is one of the most vulnerable statements I made as a leader. I believe that you must put in a lot of hard work so that answer is true. And not just a lazy way out.

MBWs have been my cornerstone activity as a transition to semi-retirement. A what-the-hell-do-I-do-with-myself activity to navigate into a new era. As I read sections of Birding By Hindsight and A Birder’s Guide to Minnesota, I have come to understand why I enjoy MBW trips and Kim and Craig’s leadership. I can be lazy!

As another Duluthian would predict, “I feel a change comin’ on…”

As Kim winds down after 40 years of leading trips and helping so many “kids” become adult birders I wonder who is going to fill that role. No one. I think this trip was more poignant then others as I was reminded how much I appreciate his expertise, commitment, and genuine love for helping other people enjoy birding.

Now, right away you’re thinking, “I’m flattering my boss so I can keep my coveted JTL [hereafter, Junior Tour Leader] position.” Well, maybe. But ask me next time to identify a Confusing Fall Something, and. after stammering through the basics of breeding plumage, my most likely answer will be: “I have no idea.”

I can remember the first time I heard Kim say, “I don’t know.” I was shocked. And then relieved. It was okay not to identify a bird. I’ve been practicing that skill ever since. I’m still not good at it.

On the other hand, when I ask Rose if she is ever going to send her eyepiece into Swarovski for repair and she says, “I don’t know,” I might offer to take it directly to National Camera Exchange, only a few miles from me, and send it in for her. Now what will she say the next time I see her? Oh, I have some suspicions…..however, I don’t really know.

Okay, now that I gave Rose her moment of fame, and for all of you wondering how to positively identify those flighty haughty hawks, flitting fidgety fall warblers, distant dark shorebirds, or galling first-cycle, sub-adult, pink-legged gulls next season, and other Kim’s English Major (and mine) alliterative statements after his 40 and final season… Repeat after me. “I don’t know. And I’m mostly okay with that.”

Honestly, there probably isn’t a more challenging season to bird than late summer / early fall when chicks have fledged, juveniles are everywhere, adults are molting or in their fall plumage. But month listers need to pump up their August and September totals, Marge, Sharon, and Sarah continue to build their Minnesota lists, and county listers always welcome those vagrant rarities. And, well, Kim and Craig need something to do. Maybe, even after they retire.

Thankfully, Kim, the relentless observer and educator that he is, still enjoys teaching us how to identify birds. Including mergansers. Craig is a stealth identifier and teacher. Allison will provide investigative reports on those personalities later. Did you know she is real journalist and writer? The real question for us strivers: was it upbringing or education that made them what they are? Nature or Nurture. I would like to know.

Saturday, August 30

The day dawned cool and clear, though it eventually grew too warm and sunny as we gathered at 12th Street on Park Point. Darn. Good for birds. Bad for birding. Birds will remain on their nesting grounds or skip over a region depending on the weather. A storm or cold weather will push birds from the north and west. Once they reach the lake they tend to funnel southwest along the lake and then down the Mississippi Flyway. Changes in weather cause them to stop, where they will feed and rest. If the weather is good, they may not stop. Check out Winnie the Whimbrel who traveled non-stop 3200 miles in 146 hours. And go to Hawk Ridge’s Facebook page. It’s a great place to practice your fall IDs. No one will know if you’re wrong when identifying those Confusing Fall Hawks or CFRaptors.

We observed some Semipalmated Plovers working along the beach. Others saw one Sanderling, Baird’s, and a Semipalmated Sandpiper. How did we know it was a Semipalmated? We would be challenged again.

Recognizing woods birding might be more productive, Mary led us over to the “Secret Spot” wooded area. We walked by a couple of the Cargill properties on the way. An interesting story. Cheerio to her. I would reflect on that individual’s contribution versus the Willard Munger legacy we witnessed several times over the weekend.

The cooperative Brown Thrashers were good birds for the day listers. And Craig and Jeff did a nice job of explaining the Agitator 5000 and our MBW to the guy who wandered out of his rental unit to ask what was all the excitement about? Blackpoll Warbler, Common Yellowthroat, and American Redstarts would start off my St. Louis County fall warbler list.

As is the new protocol when birding Park Point, we stopped at Lafayette Square for the magnificent bathrooms. I confidently added Semipalmated Sandpiper to my day list. Say it with me: “Tubular bill”. Okay, I know one field mark does not a positive ID make. Drat.

At the Duluth Rowing Club overlook we learned to identify a Hooded Merganser with no hood, and as we wandered along the belt of trees and shrubs towards Park Point, we ticked off some good day birds with Belted Kingfisher, Swainson’s Thrush, and Nashville Warbler. The up-and-coming JTL, Jordan, would find a Northern Parula working in the shrubs. A good bird, a good birder, and a fine young man. Thanks to his dad, Dennis, of course. I tried to make it a Chestnut-sided Warbler. It wouldn’t be the last time I was corrected. Confession: It was then or maybe when Angela corrected my observation with “it has wing bars” that I realized I had not engaged in even a rudimentary effort at refreshing my fall species identification from last year. I had been lazy! Oh, well. Thankfully, we had many good birders and two Proper Adults.

Which leads to two observations:

I read something a few months ago regarding the best way to learn a new language. The #1 principle was “don’t wait for perfection, make mistakes and accept correction.” I firmly believe we all see more birds when Marge says “oh, oh, oh” and we all look in that direction. She’s new to birding but I can tell she’s good at finding them and getting her binoculars on them. From there, the variables might create cognitive overload. They do for me. That just takes time and experience. We all bring different skills to the group. I have recently accepted that I can only get better at identification when I call out the bird, even if I’m wrong. I hate making mistakes, but I will persist even if my JTL status is regularly jeopardized.

My next step in helping myself and others identify birds is to start saying the identifying features out loud. I’m going to practice even when birding by myself. This will garner some strange looks and alerts to authorities as I mutter to myself wandering through the woods. I know a lot of birds by sight and quite a few by voice. Describing them briefly and accurately out loud is more challenging. My brain does a rapid calculation, I agree, then move to the next bird. I’ll suggest an easy bird – Hairy Woodpecker. Quickly. Describe it out loud. Or is it a Downy? Or even a Pileated? The “peek!” call is louder and sharper than the Downy. It’s also a bigger bird. More robin-sized than 1-1/2 times the size of a chickadee. Downys will behave and forage with warblers and chickadees. They will land on thin branches. Hairys usually don’t. Pileateds are huge, crow sized. Oh, the bird flew 30 seconds ago…and everyone has walked quietly away. “Oh well, there will be more birds.” Now try that for a fall-plumaged Blackpoll Warbler. I bet Deb, Angela, Linda, and a few others can do it.

Many of us enjoyed watching the river otters fishing near the Sailing Association. Nothing was happening on the Lake Superior side at the Park Point Beach.

Kim consulted with Craig. We drove over to Fairmont Park near the Lake Superior Zoo for lunch. Some of us mentioned the Merlin ID of Common Peafowl should count. MBW birders are honest people. Besides, does anyone want to hear from our favorite eBird reviewer?

12:30 pm. Waabizheshikana, which translates from Ojibwe (aka, Anishinaabee and Chippewa) as Waabizheshi (marten) and kana (trail). It is also known as Western Waterfront Trail. The trail honors the Ojibwe Marten Clan that occupied the area as part of their westward expansion. Mary and Kim, proud Duluthians, gave us a brief overview of the significance work done along the St. Louis River. It’s worth a deeper exploration. I’ve added some research and observations below.

We hiked down the trail and I called out House Finches. They turned into immature Purple Finches. See page 373 of Birding By Hindsight. We also found a cardinal. Until 30 or so years ago, Northern Cardinal and House Finch were rare birds here, but both have dramatically expanded their range. For a variety of reasons. That I do know.

The next section of the Waterfront Trail near 1107 S. 72 Ave. winds along the St. Louis River estuary as a result of a public easement and public / private cooperation. Demonstrating it is possible. Keep the faith.

We found a flock of ducks and geese in various states of maturity and molt. Just like MBWers! Diligently learning our fall birds and shedding layers in the afternoon heat.

How do I identify an American Black Duck? If you see white it is not a black duck. Next bird. Oh, okay, a black duck is overall a darker brown (like delicious dark chocolate feathered with creamy edges) than female mallard. The head is lighter than the body and the bill is often greenish (although a green bill is not diagnostic). It also does not have white on the edges of the purple wing bars or tail. I am going to forget about hybrids until I’m a proper adult. Which will be never.

Continuing our way to the Knowlton Creek area we found a Merlin and watched a Red-tailed Hawk (immature) and an “I don’t know” hawk high up in the clouds.

Time management is one of the primary functions of MBW leadership. Kim encouraged a trip to Slag Point (Morgan Park Mudflats). Thanks to tireless, sometimes generational efforts by many dedicated people a former US Steel plant and Duluth Works concrete plant is being restored from a Superfund site to a natural area. It’s an astonishing story of recovery. I spent some time on the story – see below. And if you are confused on why I began this JTL report with an obscure poem, the answer can be found in researching this section. And remember there is always a reward making sense out of my confusion.

I arrived at Slag Point dehydrated, a little too warm, and tired with over 10,000 steps from gamboling down Park Point Beach earlier chasing CFS’s. Kim was determined to walk the trail. The broad open plain, mudflat, and weedy area looked productive. Double-crested Cormorant was added. I walked the weedy areas flushing a few “I don’t know” sparrows. Remediation is ongoing, likely for years. The re-adoption, by birds and other natural species will take time. I do know of the feel good story of sturgeon returning to the river in numbers. “The best bird of the weekend” was coming into view. Now who would say that? Kim asked, “is that a Common or Red-breasted merganser?” Oh, boy.

A female, immature, non-breeding Common Merganser has a strong white chin patch. The bill is thicker at the base, then slims down. Sometimes the upper mandible curves up but the bottom of the bill remains straight. The nostrils are closer to the middle of the bill. In addition, there is clearer distinction between the neck and the chest.

A female, immature, non-breeding Red-breasted Merganser’s bill is slim beginning immediately at the base. The whole bill curves up. The nostrils are slightly closer in on the bill. There can be a white chin patch but it tends to be blurrier. Finally, where the neck meets the chest is also less well defined.

Are you still confused? When Kim asked us to identify the bird, I took a couple of quick looks, decided on Red-breasted. After listening to Kim, I heeded his advice and spent more time on the details using my scope, binoculars, and field guide. I arrived at the right answer for me. I don’t know.

Sharon was supposed to give me a ride back to my car en route to her house, but I am sure her mind was full of merganser details. So was mine. She forgot. Thankfully, Jeff and Allison had the presence of mind to look around and say, “I don’t know, John, there don’t seem to be any cars left. Are you sure you don’t want a ride?” Here is my Five Star rating for their ride all the way back across town, well out of their way and past the Willard Munger Inn in west Duluth where they were staying, to drop me off in Canal Park. And for their excellent company over the weekend.

August 31 – The kindness of birders

We met again at Brighton Beach. No Pam. She pulled a Texan escape to Sax-Zim Bog. I can’t blame her. How would she answer her Texas friends if she came home and told them she went birding in northern Minnesota. “Did you go to Sax-Zim Bog?” would be the first question immediately after “Was it snowing up there?”

We split up the 5 cars and the A-Team went with Craig. We began at Brighton Beach while Kim’s group went northeast. Birds included Least Flycatcher, Swainson’s Thrush, and eleven warblers overall. Black-throated Green and Northern Waterthrush were highlights. That would brighten anyone’s day.

We headed to Stoney Point Drive. An old favorite revisited often. Why? Because it delivers good birds. eBird lists 257 species for that location. We added Horned Grebes to our trip and St. Louis County lists and examined another Red-breasted Merganser that all of us were terrified to call out based on the lesson we had received the day before. Except Craig. An Osprey flew by our group, and we found more migrating warblers as we worked our way along the road.

When I checked the weather in Duluth, the forecast did not include rain. At first I ignored the sprinkles, then the steady rain. Finally, Linda’s took pity on me and offered me her extra rain jacket. A demonstration of quality JTL operational excellence. She should seek a promotion.

We drove east along the shore. What county are we in? I’ll give you a hint – St. Louis or Lake. Good county listers of course know instantly when they cross the line. Doubly true when you’re birding with Craig. In fact, county listers love two-fers. They can drive along a county line road and count one bird twice as it flies from one side to the other. They should have a rule about this.

Here’s a hint. If you can see the Knife River from your car on Hwy 61, you’re in St. Louis County. If you’re on Old County Road 61 (aka Scenic 61) and see the river, you’re in Lake County. Confusing as fall shorebirds. This is another good reason to avoid becoming a county lister. The other is competition. Now if you’re Kim Eckert you already hold several top places in the MOU list of birds seen. In multiple counties. However, when you have people like Peder Svingen and Jim Lind living nearby you have to work hard just to stay in the race.

At 10:00 am we arrived in Two Harbors. Craig’s group had convened at a convenience store. Say it with me: “Rufous Hummingbird”. What color is rufous? The bird had been reported by someone who knew Kim and other Duluth birders. The rare bird word spreads like that. It was in St. Louis County. The decision was to leave immediately by returning to the Duluth area or try for it later. Debate occurred. Let’s go! Did anyone object in Craig’s group? I don’t wanna know.

Chris, the homeowner, was a great person to host a rare bird. He’s an avid birder with 167 species seen on his property. The land was ideal habitat for birds with a pond, coniferous and deciduous trees, flowers, feeders, etc. I believe he said he was sitting on his deck when someone, his son maybe, said, “Get your camera, that is an orange hummingbird.” Indeed, the Rufous Hummingbird was cooperative, coming to the feeder several times. The orange head, back, and sides contrasted with the white underneath. It was quite the bully, chasing the ruby-throated’s away and perching in the nearby trees to keep an eye on “its feeder.” We added White-breasted Nuthatch to our day list as well. Many thanks to Chris for my 306th Minnesota bird. And a good bird for St. Louis County.

Only later did Allison say that the great Peder Svingen was there too. I would have gone over and said hello. You don’t get to 400+ species in Minnesota without dedication to the craft, science, and psychology of birding. Only 23 people listed on the MOU website have achieved 400 species, Peder and Kim included. I should have started 40 years sooner. Will I get there? Not in this lifetime.

We drove back to Lake County and the Two Harbors Cemetery. Craig and crew walked towards the woods near the holding pond in back. I dawdled a bit updating my Rufous report in eBird. Rufous is defined as reddish-brown similar to oxidized iron. The iridescence of the hummingbird transformed that color. Maybe to a Soul Red Crystal [Toyota’s name for the color of Kim’s new car] shade of Rufous?

A car pulled up behind the group and four people got out. Jim and Sharon Lind (another Sharon!) and Dave and Sarah (another Sarah!) Grosshuesch introduced themselves. Well, the great Jim Lind is another respected and prolific birder, particularly in the northeast counties of Minnesota. We got to chatting about Two Harbors, where they live. I mentioned that my sister, Mic, lives in TH near her daughter, Martha, whose husband John (another John!) works for the St. Louis County Highway Department. Anyway, they all knew each other. And Press Camp Road, the street my family lives on, is in Jim’s Christmas Bird Count circle. It was a love fest of connection.

We walked towards the MBW group, and Jim pointed out Clay-colored Sparrow and then Alder Flycatcher. My mind wandered to the fantastical. If we were to assemble all these experts and then just follow them around certain that every bird we saw, and they pointed out, would be identified. We could pretend to listen rapturously to lectures on identifying Empidonax flycatchers while secretly pumping up our county lists. Later when Kim asked how we knew it was an Alder several of us responded in a chorus “Jim Lind said it was.” We are hopeless.

After rejoining Kim’s group, we enjoyed lunch in Two Harbors at Lakeview Park.

Our next stop would be Castle Danger’s Waste Treatment Ponds. Normally we would want to perform the sacred newcomer initiation ritual in the sewage ponds. Fortunately for Tim and Martha, at Castle Danger’s sewage ponds you are adamantly made aware the ponds are not accessible through the gate. But a rudimentary path runs along one side. Linda led the way, and we were rewarded with Lesser Yellowlegs and a few ducks. Jim Lind had reported a LeConte’s Sparrow earlier so some of us spread out and walked the field towards the third pond. We flushed several sparrows. Only Savannahs were cooperative.

Deb spottted the American Bittern reported earlier by others at the second pond, so we abandoned the LeConte’s for a more obliging bird. It was an interesting color, a deep rich brown, maybe even rufous. Actually, the color looked more like a Least Bittern. Focus. The bird was too big, etc. It was a life bird for Sharon, yes, the original Sharon who has birded with Kim for many years. Not to be mistaken for Sarah’s sister Sharon. The one wearing the blue shirt. More confusing than juvenile sparrows. (See the BBH pages 181-189.)

Heading further northeast we arrived at Beaver Bay WTP. Immediately there was another downpour. I could see the Trumpeter Swan sitting on the berm. I got drenched before giving up and driving into Beaver Bay, lured by Mary’s assurance there was ice cream. It was bone dry in Beaver Bay. The crew that remained had found a Red-necked Phalarope [a true rarity in Lake Co. – it was even missing from Jim Lind’s county list]! A Common Nighthawk flew over, and then I spent several minutes trying to figure out that what sounded like Northern House Wren was an immature bird that finally perched long enough for confirmation.

We drove further east up the shore past Palisade Head, but before Tettegouche State Park we arrived at a former MNDOT Maintenance Area, hopefully soon to be part of the state park. A Wilson’s Snipe flew overhead, and our only swallows of the trip (Barn) were flying around the field and marshy area. A Virginia Rail found by Kim here a few days ago (new for his county list) was still vocalizing. We all heard the rail, but it did not make an appearance, and we were worn out and ready to go home.

Our stalwart leader had other plans. Greater White-fronted Geese had been reported at Flood Bay State Wayside, a rare bird at any time of year in Lake County. It wasn’t an easy spot to get to: slog down through sand and rocks for 100 yards before walking back into a marshy pond area east of Superior Shores Resort. Nobody would find those birds if they didn’t bird the area regularly. See Google Maps. You can see it has potential. Knowing when and where to go is the difference. Thanks, Jim, for finding it earlier. We added Green Heron, Green-winged Teal, Least Sandpiper, and Swamp Sparrow to our lists. All excellent birds for Lake County.

I was glad to have seen the Rufous Hummingbird that morning, and now with a guaranteed ride back to the hotel I had a few minutes to reflect on Stoney/Stony Point – see Stoney Point - St. Louis, Minnesota, US - Birding Hotspots The name of the point is Stony Point. The road is Stoney Point Drive. The road name was an error by the highway department that has never been corrected. The geographical location has no "e" in the name. According to one source the name predates the name of the road by many years. However, eBird lists it as Stoney Point, Google Maps calls it Stony Point. Ah, I love a good confusion. Now spend some time on the origins of St. Louis County. It’s in the damn book even.

August 1 – Happy Labor Day

I jolted awake at 6 am after not hearing my alarm clock. Thankfully Allison persuaded Jeff to wait. Or was it the other way around. I don’t know. We met the group again at Brighton Beach. Pam was back from her trip to the Bog. Nothing too much happening up there but she had a nice visit to the Welcome Center and found a few more Minnesota birds. Mary and I assured her that she could come back anytime and that the rumors of -60 degrees and deep snow was a myth perpetuated to ensure not too many Texans moved to Sax or Zim. Just the nice ones. How many Texans live in either? I don’t know. [Actually, the population of both is zero, even though both are labeled on the official MNDOT map –KRE]

Kim was leading our group today. It was now the upgraded and updated A-Team. We birded Brighton Beach again and found several warblers and a Philadelphia Vireo.. Several of us mulled over a sparrow, which we decided was an immature Song Sparrow. Good practice. We didn’t need “Proper Adult Supervision” (see definitions below) to make the call.

Back to Stony Point, this time along Alseth Road. Hundreds of Blue Jays and several Cedar Waxwings were migrating. We found another Northern Parula and several more warblers. We drove down to look over the lake. A distant Red-necked Grebe was found. I can identify that for you if you like. And Common Loon along with gulls and mergansers. Don’t ask.

Arriving in Knife River, we walked down to the beach, adding American White Pelican to our Lake County list. Then Mary, an excellent candidate for JTL status, led the group along the shore to the point. We found a Spotted Sandpiper, a few yellow-rumpeds and one Yellow Warbler. Yellow Warblers nest in the area, but by the end of August they have mostly left on migration.

By 11:00 am, we found some tables in the shade and muddled through the multi-county checklist. I left with Allison and Jeff who wanted to get to Crow Wing County for some bike riding and more time sorting out the confusing fall warblers. They dropped me off in Park Point. I headed for home.

I made one stop in Anoka County at Columbus City Park. A small wave of warblers was passing through, including a couple of Wilson’s. And one “I don’t know.”

Mammals: River Otter, Red Squirrel, Gray Squirrel, White-tailed Deer, Franklin’s Ground Squirrel (Richardson’s are in western Minnesota), Eastern Chipmunk

Reptiles: A huge Painted Turtle at Slag Point, Leopard Frogs. No snakes.

Insects: Thousands of dragonflies that fed nighthawks, Merlin, Ring-billed Gulls, and a host of other birds. And grasshoppers of many varieties. Once I get over 400 bird species in Minnesota I will start on my insects. Well right after I learn my trees. Not all conifers are Pines. Not all pines are the same species. Another lifetime.

(Note: To claim your prize by identifying the connection between the poem above and St. Louis County, please send your answer via email or text. Or maybe you’re ok living with I don’t know. The prize is “TBD”. Add that phrase to your birding lexicon, too.)

Updates, Definitions, Research & Additional Information

Definitions:

Adult Supervision – A more experienced birder helping another birder of equal or lesser skill identify a bird that might have a few challenges in identifying. Or as just a way to confirm an ongoing relationship. “Those are American White Pelican’s flying over the lake at 100 yards aren’t they?”

Proper Adult Supervision – The merganser, peeps, flycatcher, warbler, gulls, oh hells bells most of the birds without distinctive “Sibley’s Guide to Birds” plumage, more than 50 feet away, in bad light, potentially rare, or some other variable that might cause me to more confused than I already am. God help us next year when Kim is “retired” and we bombard Craig with our needy questions. We must start a strict program of self-education.

Kids – The state most of us amateur birders hope to grow out of. Someday.

Research and Links:

• River otter | Minnesota DNR

• Animals – Lake Superior Zoo

• Winnie the Whimbrel's Record Flight

https://birdfreak.com/winnie-the-wimbrel-record-flight

• Morgan Park / Slag Point

A city dilemma: To destroy (or not destroy) a causeway

• Knowlton Creek Stream Restoration Project EAW | Minnesota DNR,

Knowlton Creek Stream Restoration - Background on St. Louis RiverArea of Concern (AOC)

• Fond du Lac Band buys sacred Ojibwe island

https://www.duluthnewstribune.com/news/fond-du-lac-band-buys-sacred-ojibwe-island

• St. Louis River Estuary: The Stories and the Science (This is excellent.)

• Spirit Island

https://maps.app.goo.gl/1pzRQtr8e3Qg4KyK9?g_st=ig

• On The Uncompromising Hand: Remembering Spirit Island | Open Rivers Journal

https://openrivers.lib.umn.edu/article/on-the-uncompromising-hand-remembering-spirit-island

• "The Sacred History of Spirit Lake"

https://youtu.be/r5d_9htNNjI?feature=shared

• Ojibwe History, LSOGGuide

https://www.1854treatyauthority.org/imagesLSOGGuide_FinalCommitteeApproval.pdf

• History of Minnesota: If you’re interested in birds and in an exploration of Native (Ojibwe & Dakota) and European history in Minnesota, visit Crow Wing State Park. I was astonished by the complexity of Minnesota history. I visited, birded, and was inspired to write a personal essay after my trip there. The same is true for Duluth and St. Louis County. I also highly recommend reading North Country, The Making Of Minnesota by Mary Lethert Wingerd.

• MN North: Slag Point | 365 Days of Birds

https://www.365daysofbirds.com/tag/mn-north-slag-point

• Willard Munger, Earth Steward

http://willardmunger.org, Willard Munger - Wikipedia, and

https://cloquetriverpress.com/products/mr-environment.

Mr. Environment is a book by Mark Munger. The Willard Munger Inn is still owned by his son.

• Morgan Park & Duluth Works

Duluth Works - Wikipedia, Morgan Park, Duluth, Minnesota - Wikipedia

• Ojibwe translator & pronunciation

https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/waabizheshi-na

• Waabizheshikana funding

https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2023/0/60/laws.8.1.0#laws.8.1.0